• Atmospheric Ice Accretion Measurement Techniques 

      Virk, Muhammad Shakeel; Mustafa, Mohamad Y; Hamdan, Qusai-Al (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011-09-30)
      Atmospheric icing on structures has proven to be an area of concern in many cold climate geographical regions like arctic and alpine. Difficulties encountered by the communication, construction and power industries in these areas are the subject of intense investigations for researchers from decades. Three main methods of investigation are generally employed by researchers to study atmospheric ice ...
    • Atmospheric ice accretion on non rotating vertical circular cyliner 

      Virk, Muhammad Shakeel; Mughal, Umair Najeeb; Polanco, Geanette (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-22)
      Study of atmospheric ice accretion on a non-rotating vertical circular cylindrical object was carried out at dry and wet ice conditions. Both numerical and experimental techniques were used during this study. 3D numerical study was carried out using computational fluid dynamics based approach, whereas experimental study was carried out at Cryospheric Environmental Simulator ‘CES’ in Shinjo, Japan. ...
    • Atmospheric ice monitoring system operation at Remote locations in cold region 

      Virk, Muhammad Shakeel; Rashid, Taimur; Mustafa, Mohamad Y (Journal article; Peer reviewed; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2013)
      The problems encountered in installation, maintenance and operations of equipment in the cold climate regions are far more complicated than others. The contributing factors and problems that can affect the system operation and performance should be identified, assessed and focused within well-defined parameters before its installation in cold climate regions. The harsh cold environment, could not ...
    • Atmospheric Icing Sensors - Capacitive Techniques 

      Mughal, Umair Najeeb; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel (Peer reviewed; Journal article; Tidsskriftsartikkel, 2013-01-22)
      The application of capacitive sensing technique is widely distributed in different physical domains primarily because of the diversity in dielectric permittivity and due to its minimum loading error and inertial effects. Atmospheric ice is a complex mixture of water, ice and air which is reflected in its complex dielectric constant. There are many existing atmospheric icing sensors but only few are ...
    • A case study to estimate thermal conductivity of ABS in Cold Climate Chamber 

      Mughal, Umair Najeeb; Makarova, Marina; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel; Polanco Pinerez, Geanette (Journal article; Peer reviewed; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2015-10-22)
      Non steady state thermal conductivity of ABS was estimated using an analytical approach in a Cold Climate Chamber at ?10?C and ?14?C. Two hollow cylinders of ABS of varying thickness were used to estimate the conductivity. The material was porous but the porosity was unknown. This paper is a case study to understand, if it is reasonable to estimate the thermal conductivity using the analytical varying ...
    • Charge Transfer Scheme for Atmospheric Ice Sensing 

      Mughal, Umair Najeeb; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel; Rashid, Taimur (Peer reviewed; Journal article; Tidsskriftsartikkel, 2015-01-31)
      The atmospheric icing parameters are being measured nowadays with the aid of more customized yet limited commercial equipment. The parameters include atmospheric ice detection, icing load and icing rate. The robustness of such equipment is usually under scrutiny when it comes to cold/harsh environment operations. This phenomenon was experienced consistently by the atmospheric Icing Research Team at ...
    • Encapsulated Water Hammer: Theoretical/Experimental Study 

      Polanco, Geanette; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel; Mughal, Umair Najeeb; Victor, Sojo; Jose, Da Paixao; Antonio, Vidal; Orlando, Aguillon (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2015-10-22)
      Water hammer phenomenon involves the transformation of kinetic energy in pressure energy, this transformation occurs as the fluid conditions change inside the pipe in quite a short time. Industry requires to affront frequent flow interruptions in pipe systems due to the closing of valves or stopping of pumping equipment. This phenomenon can initiate serious damages like destruction of the pipe system ...
    • Experimental study of relative permittivity of atmospheric ice 

      Bhattu, Shravan K; Mughal, Umair Najeeb; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel (Journal article; Peer reviewed; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2013-01-01)
      Atmospheric icing on onshore and offshore structures is problematic, if we don’t detect and remove it. Despite of various ice detection techniques, capacitor based ice sensing technique is interesting one, as it is based on dielectric properties of material. This technique of measuring icing event is simple and cost- effective. Based on the dielectric concept, an experi mental ...
    • Experimental validation of icing rate using rotational load 

      Mughal, Umair Najeeb; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel; Kosugi, Kenji; Mochizuki, Shigeto (Peer reviewed; Journal article; Tidsskriftsartikkel, 2016-04-16)
      Icing load and icing rate are necessary feedback variables for an intelligent anti/de-icing systemtowork effectively in harsh cold environment of high north. These parametersmay be measured by axial loadings or by rotational loadings, as a function of current demand. However the former may not necessarily be dynamic, whereas the later necessarily be rotational. Sufficiently at a fixed rpm, a ...
    • A field study of atmospheric icing analysis in a complex terrain of the high north 

      Rashid, Taimur; Mughal, Umair Najeeb; Mustafa, Mohamad; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-12)
      Analyses of atmospheric icing events hold the key for computing the significant parameters leading to icing load calculations. In the cold regions of the high north, atmospheric icing loads on structures become important when it comes to design and safety of infrastructures. Furthermore, icing load calculations over a certain period of time provide a vital input for designers to improve the ...
    • Investigating Ice Nucleation and Heat Transfer Dynamics in Supercooled Liquid Water Using Thermography 

      Khawaja, Hassan Abbas; Keshavarzi, Samaneh; Muhammed, Manaf; Yousuf, Adeel; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel; Harvey, Derek; Momen, Gelareh (Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2023-12)
      This study delves into the intricate interplay of thermography, ice nucleation, and heat transfer during the phase change from supercooled liquid water to crystallized ice. The phenomena of ice nucleation and its subsequent growth have paramount importance in various fields, including cold climate engineering, atmospheric science, cryopreservation, and refrigeration systems. Our research aims to ...
    • Investigating RANS Turbulence Models for Predicting Airflow Dispersion in Enclosed Environments: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation 

      Owolabi, Jibola Obafemi; Dhar, Sushmit; Muhammed, Manaf; Khawaja, Hassan Abbas; Aganovic, Amar; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel (Conference object; Konferansebidrag, 2023-12)
      The dispersion of respiratory aerosol particles in enclosed environments poses a significant challenge to understanding the transmission of airborne infectious diseases, mainly due to the influence of turbulence on the propagation of aerosol particles. Turbulence, with its complex and chaotic nature, is a prevailing phenomenon in a fluid flow. Four widely used Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) ...
    • Multiphysics Based Design Study of an Atmospheric Icing Sensor 

      Mughal, Umair Najeeb; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel; Mustafa, Mohamad (Peer reviewed; Journal article; Tidsskriftsartikkel, 2016)
      A design study of an atmospheric icing sensor is presented in this article. The proposed design of the sensor is aimed to detect an atmospheric icing event, to determine ice type as well as to measure icing load, icing rate and melting rate. This sensor is constantly slowly rotating cylinder with four fins which measure atmospheric icing load and icing rate using rotational load measurement technique. ...
    • Multiphysics based Numerical Study of Atmospheric Ice Accretion on a Full Scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade 

      Virk, Muhammad Shakeel; Mughal, Umair Najeeb; Hu, Q; Jiang, X (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-08)
      Atmospheric icing on wind turbines have been recognized as a hindrance to the development of the wind power in cold regions, where uncertainty surrounding the effects of icing on energy production may prevent otherwise good wind resources from being utilized. This research paper is focused on to numerically simulate the rate and shape of atmospheric ice accretion on a full-scale horizontal axis ...
    • Numerical study of atmospheric ice accretion on rotating geometric cross sections with fins 

      Mughal, Umair Najeeb; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2016-05-12)
      This paper describes the numerical study of atmospheric ice accretion on rotating geometric cross sections, circular, hexagon and square , all having fins, to select an optimum geometric cross section for use as a rotating part of a newly- proposed designed icing sensor. Computational fluid dynamics-based numerical analyses were carried out in this research work to understand and analyse the ...
    • Numerical Study of Atmospheric Ice Accretion on Various Geometric Cross-sections 

      Virk, Muhammad Shakeel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)
    • Numerical Study of Atmospheric Icing on Non Rotating Circular Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement 

      Virk, Muhammad Shakeel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013-03-01)
      Numerical study of atmospheric ice accretion on two non-rotating circular cylinders in tandem arrangement was carried out at different operating and geometric conditions. To validate the numerical model, initially the results of ice accretion on single circular cylinder were compared with the experimental data obtained from CIGELE atmospheric icing research wind tunnel (CAIRWT) [1, 2]. A good agreement ...
    • Quantitative analysis of accuracy of voidage computations in CFD-DEM Simulations 

      Khawaja, Hassan Abbas; Scott, Stuart A.; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel; Moatamedi, Mojtaba (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)
    • A review of infrared thermography applications for ice detection and mitigation 

      Adeel, Yousuf; Khawaja, Hassan Abbas; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel (Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-11-18)
      Ice accretion on various onshore and offshore infrastructures imparts hazardous effects sometimes beyond repair, which may be life-threatening. Therefore, it has become necessary to look for ways to detect and mitigate ice. Some ice mitigation techniques have been tested or in use in aviation and railway sectors, however, their applicability to other sectors/systems is still in the research phase. ...
    • State of the Art Review of Atmospheric Icing Sensors 

      Mughal, Umair Najeeb; Virk, Muhammad Shakeel; Mustafa, Mohamad (Journal article; Peer reviewed; Tidsskriftartikkel, 2016-03-31)
      A state of the art review of atmospheric icing sensors is presented in this article, in order to understand their design and working principle for future developments. It is found that most atmospheric icing sensors which are capable of delivering maximum information are based upon direct measurement of the physical properties (electrical or mechanical) of atmospheric ice. Some field measurements ...